台灣白話字häm越南羅馬字ê文字方案比較
蔣為文
美國德州大學語言所(UT-Arlington)
台灣話häm越南話pe°-pe°是有聲調ê孤立語，而且lóng bat用漢字做書寫系統。越南t„十六世紀末經由傳教士傳入羅馬字來書寫越南語；雖然羅馬字真早就出現，漢字的正統地位ㄧ直到二十世紀chiah hông打破，t„ 1945年以後羅馬字chiah
chiâ°-chò唯一的正式書寫系統。
本論文以語言學ê角度來比較分析台灣白話字häm越南羅馬字ê文字設計方案。基本上，即2套方案lóng是西方傳教士經由經驗傳承、集體創作出來ê音素文字(phonemic
writing)。因為即2種語言lóng有聲調，所以lóng t„韻母téng-koân加區別符號(diacritics)來區別聲調。越南話因為語音比台灣話khah複雜，所以區別符號除了區別聲調之外，mä用來區別語音e種類。T„音素häm文字符號ê對應方面，白話字基本上是ㄧ對ㄧê模式，˜-kõh越南字大約有4分之1
ê音素是ㄧ對多ê方式。
整體來講，即2套文字lóng比漢字ke真簡單學、紀錄語音mä chin有效率。若認真beh比，白話字比越南羅馬字koh khah簡單有效率。
關鍵詞：白話字、羅馬字、國語字、越南、傳教士
註:chit份摘要需要特殊ê台灣字型chiah有法度看完整。
A
Comparative Study of Taiwanese Peh-oe-ji and Vietnamese Chu Quoc Ngu
Wi-vun
Taiffalo Chiung
The
University of Texas at Arlington
Both Vietnam and Taiwan were introduced
to the romanized writing systems by Western missionaries in the 17th
century. In Vietnam, the romanized Chu Quoc Ngu system eventually
replaced the traditional Chu Nom and Han characters and became
the official national orthography in 1945. However, the use of
romanization in Taiwan is still limited to church activities. Moreover,
the later imported Han writing system is much more widely spread and has
obtained dominant status in contemporary Taiwanese society. This paper
examines the missionary scripts from Vietnam (Chu Quoc Ngu) and
Taiwan (Peh-oe-ji) in terms of linguistics and sociolinguistics.
How romanization works and how efficient
it is were analyzed. Compared to the Han system, romanization is much
more efficient to learn to read and write. Less than the 26 letters of
the roman script were used to represent the full range of speech in
Vietnamese and Taiwanese. Generally speaking, their design each symbol
was assigned to its corresponding phoneme. Because both Vietnamese and
Taiwanese are tone languages, several diacritic marks were devised and
added to the top or bottom of vowels to indicate different tones. Four
other diacritic marks were also devised to distinguish different
phonemes in Vietnamese. In Taiwanese orthography, a hyphen "-"
is added between syllables in a word, such as Peh-oe-ji. But a hyphen is
not normally used in Vietnamese orthography. The crucial weakness of
these two systems is the problem of homophones. Although both Chu
Quoc Ngu and Peh-oe-ji are efficient from the perspective of
literacy, different political backgrounds have contributed to different
outcomes of romanization in Vietnam and Taiwan.
Keywords: Peh-oe-ji,
romanization, Chu Quoc Ngu, missionary